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Manitoba’s unique position on the Canada-U.S. border has made it a place of historical significance and fascinating stories. Here are five fun facts about the early days of this important boundary:
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1. The 49th parallel line
The Canada-U.S. border at Manitoba was formalized in 1818, following the Treaty of 1818 between Britain and the United States. The 49th parallel became the dividing line, but the survey teams faced challenges navigating vast prairies and rivers, leading to some imprecise markers that added character to the borderlands.
2. Pembina’s double identity
The town of Pembina, just south of Manitoba, holds a unique history. Initially thought to be part of Canada, it was discovered to fall within U.S. territory after more accurate mapping. This revelation changed local governance but didn’t diminish the town’s strong ties to the Canadian side.
3. The smugglers’ routes
In the 19th century, the border became a hub for traders and, occasionally, smugglers. Whiskey traders often crossed into Canadian territory to bypass stricter U.S. laws, while goods like furs and pemmican moved the other way. These unofficial trade routes helped shape early economies on both sides.
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4. The Northwest Angle
The Northwest Angle, a curious U.S. territory jutting into Manitoba’s Lake of the Woods, resulted from cartographic errors during early negotiations. This isolated pocket of American land, accessible only by travelling through Canada, is a geographical oddity and a favourite of history buffs.
5. Borderland cooperation
Despite being an international dividing line, the Manitoba borderlands have long been a symbol of cooperation. Early Canadian and American settlers often worked together to navigate the harsh climate, trade goods, and maintain peace, fostering a spirit of cross-border camaraderie.
From its quirks to its cooperative spirit, the early Canada-U.S. border in Manitoba offers a glimpse into a fascinating past. It reminds us that even borders can unite as much as they divide.
Have thoughts on what’s going on in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada or across the world? Send us a letter to the editor at wpgsun.letters@kleinmedia.ca
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